Studies on performance enhancement through creatine intake
Creatine Publications:
Creatine general publications:
Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?
Authors: Jose Antonio1* , Darren G. Candow2 , Scott C. Forbes3 , Bruno Gualano4 , Andrew R. Jagim5 , Richard B. Kreider6 , Eric S. Rawson7 , Abbie E. Smith-Ryan8 , Trisha A. VanDusseldorp9 , Darryn S. Willoughby10 and Tim N. Ziegenfuss11
volume 18, Article number: 13 (2021)
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w
Creatine for Life: in Health, Sport and Medicine
Issue Editors: Theo Wallimann, Roger Harris
Amino Acids All Volumes & Issues
Volume 48, Issue 8, August 2016
https://link.springer.com/
Creatine: a miserable life without it
Theo Wallimann & Roger Harris
Editorial Published: 15 July 2016
Amino Acids volume 48, pages 1739–1750(2016)
https://link.springer.com/
The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine
Theo Wallimann, Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner & Uwe Schlattner
Invited Review Open Access Published: 30 March 2011
Amino Acids volume 40, pages 1271–1296(2011)
https://link.springer.com/
Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis.
T Wallimann, M Wyss, D Brdiczka, K Nicolay, and H M Eppenberger
Biochem J. 1992 Jan 1; 281(Pt 1): 21–40.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Entire list of publications by Prof. Dr. Theo Wallimann
http://publicationslist.org/
Performance improvements in sports - the best researched dietary supplement at all
Review articles and opinions
Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D.S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D.G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L. & Lopez, H. L. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 18.
https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z
Thomas, D.T.; Erdman, K.A.; Burke, L.M., Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance, J.Acad.Nutr.Diet. (2016), 116 (3), S. 501 – 528
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221226721501802X?viewFullText=true
Terjung RL, Clarkson P, Eichner ER, Greenhaff PL, Hespel PJ, Israel RG, Kraemer WJ, Meyer RA, Spriet LL, Tarnopolsky MA, Wagenmakers AJ and Williams MH, 2000. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 706-717.
Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: A meta-analysis. Nissen, S.L.; Sharp, R.L. (2003), 94 (2), S. 651 - 659
https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00755.2002
Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis
Branch, J.D. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metabol. (2003), 13 (2), S. 198 - 226
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12945830
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to creatine and increase in physical performance during short‐term, high intensity, repeated exercise bouts (ID 739, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1525, 1526, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1922, 1923, 1924), increase in endurance capacity (ID 1527, 1535), and increase in endurance performance (ID 1521, 1963) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA Journal 2011;9(7): 2303.
https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2303
Creatine in weight training
Volek, J.S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Staron, R. S., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., Pearson, D.R., Fink, W.J. & Kraemer, W.J. (1999). Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 1147–1156.
Brenner, M., Walberg Rankin, J. & Sebolt, D. (2000). The effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training in women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 207–213.
Vandenberghe, K., Goris, M., van Hecke, P., van Leemputte, M., Vangerven, L. & Hespel, P. (1997). Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 83, 2055–2063.
https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2055
Enette Larson-Meyer, D., Hunter, G. R., Trowbridge, C. A., Turk, J. C., Ernest, J. M., Torman, S. L. & Harbin, P.A. (2000). The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during off-season training in female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 434–442.
Arciero, P.J., Hannibal 3rd, N.S., Nindl, B.C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J . & Vukovich, M.D. (2001). Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism, 50, 1429–1434.
https://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(01)80994-X/pdf
Willoughby, D. S. & Rosene, J. (2001). Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1674–1681.
Creatine in high-speed exercises such as football, basketball, etc.
Haff, G. G., Kirksey, K. B., Stone, M. H., Warren, B.J.Johnson, R. L., Stone, M., O'Bryant, H. & Proulx, C. (2000). The effect of 6 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation on dynamic rate of force development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14 (4), 426–433.
Ostojic, S. M. (2004). Creatine supplementation in young soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 14, 95–103.
Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D. & Burke, L. (2002). Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12, 33–46.
http://www.humankinetics.com/acucustom/sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/606.pdf
Mohebbi, H., Rahnama, N., Moghadassi, M. & Ranjbar, K. (2012). Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint and skill performance in young soccer players. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12 (3), 397–401.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2fd0/dd0909210c0406e1648b51019521d5089f9d.pdf
Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Ibanez,J., Izquierdo, M. & Gorostiaga, E. (2000). Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (2), 518–525.
http://www2.unavarra.es/gesadj/depCSalud/mikel_izquierdo/creatinamujika.pdf
Creatine during swimming, running etc.
Harris, R. C., Viru, M., Greenhaff, P. L. & Hultman, E. (1993). The effect of oral creatine supplementation on running performance during maximal short term exercise in man. Journal of Physiology, 467, 74
Link:
Havenetidis, K., Cooke, C., King, R. & Denison, T. (1996). Repeated creatine supplementation and swimming performance. Abstracts of the 1st Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 566–567.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3818661/
Selsby, J.T., Beckett, K. D., Kern, M. & Devor, S.D. (2003). Swim performance following creatine supplementation in division III athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17,421–424.
https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2003/08000/Swim_Performance_Following_Creatine.1.aspx
Peyrebrune, M. C., Nevill, M. E., Donaldson, F.J. & Cosford, D.J. (1998). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance in single and repeated sprint swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 271–279.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026404198366803
Theodorou, A. S., Cooke, C.B., King, R. F. G.J., Hood, C., Denison, T., Wainwright, B. G. & Havenetidis, K. (1999). The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 853–859.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026404199365416
Ziegenfuss, T. N., Rogers, M., Lowery, L., Mullins, N., Mendel, R., Antonio, J. & Lemon, P. (2002). Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA division I Athletes. Nutrition, 18(5), 397–402.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900701008024?viewFullText=true
Other factors such as heat, injuries, recovery after sports, etc.
Santos, R.V., Bassit, R.A., Caperuto, E. C. & Costa Rosa, L. F. (2004). The effect of creatine supplementation upon inflammatory and muscle soreness markers after a 30km race. Life Sciences, 75, 1917–1924.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320504005211?viewFullText=true
Byrnes, W. C. & Clarkson, P. M. (1986). Delayed onset muscle soreness and training. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 5, 605–614.
Link:
Volek, J.S., Mazzetti, S.A., Farquhar, W. B., Barnes, B. R., Gomez, A. L. & Kraemer, W.J. (2001). Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1101 –1108.
Johnston, A. P., Burke, D. G., MacNeil, L. G. & Candow, D. G. (2009). Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 116–120.
Rahimi, R. (2011). Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 3448–3455.
The effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise on traumatic brain injury
Freire Royes, L.F.; Cassol, G.
Mini Rev.Med.Chem. (2015), 16 (1), S. 29 - 39
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mrmc/2016/00000016/00000001/art00007
Creatine and Healthy Aging
Review articles and opinions
Clark, B. C. & Manini, T. M. (2010). Functional Consequences of Sarcopenia and Dynapenia in the Elderly. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 13 (3), 271 –276.
Ethgen, O., Beaudart, C., Buckinx, F., Bruyère, O. & Reginster, J. Y. (2017). The Future Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Europe: A Claim for Public Health Action. Calcified Tissue International, 100 (3), 229–234.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00223-016-0220-9.pdf
MacDougall, J. D., Ward, G. R., Sale, D. G. & Sutton, J. R. (1977). Biochemical adaptation of human skeletal muscle to heavy resistance training and immobilization. Journal of Applied Physiology, 43, 700–703.
https://www.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1977.43.4.700
Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., Baeyens, J . P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J. P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., Topinkova, E., Vandewoude, M. & Zamboni, M. (2010). Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age and Ageing, 39 (4), 412–423.
https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/39/4/412/8732
Devries, M. C. & Phillips, S. M. (2014). Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46, 1194–1203.
Chilibeck, P. D., Chrusch, M.J., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S. & Burke, D. G. (2005). Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 9 (5), 352–355.
Chrusch MJ, Chilibeck PD, Chad KE, Davison KS and Burke DG, 2001. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33,
2111-2117.
Pinto, C. L., Botelho, P. B., Carneiro, J. A. & Mota, J.F. (2016). Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7 (4), 413–421.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.12094
Pinto, C. L., Botelho, P. B., Carneiro, J. A. & Mota, J.F. (2016). Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7 (4), 413–421.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.12094
Wallimann,T. (2014). Positive Wirkung von Kreatin im Alter und für Rehabilitation. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Ernährungsmedizin, 1, 31 –32.
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2016). Scientific opinion on creatine in combination with resistance training and improvement in muscle strength: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 14 (2), 4400.
https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4400
Positive effects of creatine in older people - muscles and bones
Chilibeck, P. D., Chrusch, M.J., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S. & Burke, D. G. (2005). Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 9 (5), 352–355.
Chilibeck, P.D., Candow, D.G., Landeryou, T., Kaviani, M. & Paus-Jenssen, L. (2015). Effects of creatine and resistance training on bone health in postmenopausal women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47 (8), 1587–1595.
Creatine articles in the German trade and public press:
More energy, more efficiency:
KREATIN - warum, wann und für wen? SZE 2008
https://www.rosenfluh.ch/
Creatine from the inside and outside. Med Sports Network 2008:
Creatine is good for old bones. Switzerland Medicine Forum 2008:
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/
Kreatin (in Medical Sports Network 2008):
http://www.
Creatine in general medicine. Ars Medici 2009:
Creatine - a future substance. Kieser Training Faktum 2012:
https://www.kre-mag.ch/files/
Positive effects of creatine in old age and for rehabilitation. SZE 2013:
Creatine supplementation and kidney function: Pure creatine is not harmful to the kidneys.
Schweiz. Med. Forum (2013) :
https://medicalforum.ch/
Vegetarianism versus meat consumption. SZE 2014:
Creative creatine, DHZ 2017:
Wallimann,T. (2014). Positive Wirkung von Kreatin im Alter und für Rehabilitation. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Ernährungsmedizin, 1, 31 –32.
Other
Eichmann, B. (2015). Hochintensives Muskeltraining bei Typ 2–Diabetes. Gesundheitsrelevante Auswirkungen eines Trainingsprogramms im Rahmen einer Crossover-Studie. Hamburg: Kovac.
Link:
Gualano, B., de Salles Painneli, V., Roschel, H., Artioli, G. G., Neves, M. Jr., de Sá Pinto, A. L., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M.R., Otaduy, M.C., Leite, Cda C., Ferreira, J. C., Pereira, R. M., Brum, P.C., Bonfá, E. &Lancha, A. H. Jr. (2010). Creatine in Type 2 Diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43 (5), 770–778.
Dechent, P., Pouwels, P.J. W., Wilken, B., Hanefeld, F. &Frahm,J. (1999). Increase of total creatine in human brain after oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrate. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 277, R698-R704.
https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.R698
Sappey-Marinier, D., Calabrese, G., Fein, G., Hugg, J.W., Biggins, C. & Weiner, M.W. (1992). Effect of photic stimulation on human visual cortex lactate and phosphates using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 12, 584–592.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.82
Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behavior
McMorris, T.; Howard, A.N.; Langridge, G.; Hall, B.; Corbett, J.; Dicks, M.; Hodgson, C.; Harris, R.C.
Physiol.Behav. (2007), 90 (1), S. 21 - 28
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938406003763?viewFullText=true
Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals.
McMorris, T.; Harris, R.C.; Swain, J.P.; Howard, A.; Mielcarz, G.
Aging Neuropsychol.Cogn. (2007), 14 (5), S. 517 – 528
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13825580600788100
Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol Category Original Investigation
McMorris, T.; Swain, J.P.; Corbett, J.; Collard, K.; Dyson, R.J.; Dye, L.; Hodgson, C.; Draper, N.; Harris, R.C.
Psychopharmacol. (2006), 185 (1), S. 93 - 103
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00213-005-0269-z
Rae, CD.; Broeer, S., Creatine as a booster for human brain function. How might it work?, Neurochem.Int. (2015), 89 (), S. 249 – 259.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197018615300383?viewFullText=true